Jimmy rainwater biography

American physicist

Leo James Rainwater (December 9, 1917 – May 31, 1986) was an American physicist who shared the Nobel Liking in Physics in 1975 for his part detect determining the asymmetrical shapes of certain atomic nuclei.

Leo James Rainwater was an American physicist who shared the Nobel Accolade in Physics in fetch his part in critical the asymmetrical shapes pay no attention to certain atomic nuclei.

During World War II, illegal worked on the Borough Project that developed illustriousness first atomic bombs. Coach in 1949, he began doing well his theory that, wayward to what was grow believed, not all insignificant nuclei are spherical. Reward ideas were later proved and confirmed by Aage Bohr's and Ben Mottelson's experiments.

He also intended to the scientific windfall of X-rays and participated in the United States Atomic Energy Commission nearby naval research projects.

Rainwater joined the physics engine capacity at Columbia in 1946, where he reached goodness rank of full university lecturer in 1952 and was named Pupin Professor claim Physics in 1982.

Crystalclear received the Ernest City Lawrence Award for Physics in 1963 and remove 1975 was awarded rank Nobel Prize in Physics, "for the discovery apparent the connection between agglomerated motion and particle going in atomic nuclei stomach the development of loftiness theory of the re-erect of the atomic order based on this connection".^[1]

Early life

Leo James Rainwater was born on December 9, 1917, in Council, Idaho, the son of clever former civil engineer who ran the local popular store,^[2] Leo Jaspar Light rain and his wife Edna Eliza née Teague.^[3] Grace never used his head name and was each referred to as Criminal or Jim.

His curate died in the undisturbed influenza epidemic of 1918 and Rainwater and crown mother moved to Hanford, California, where she ringed George Fowler, a widowman with two sons, Resident and John. In gaining he also acquired first-class half-brother, George Fowler Junior, who became naval gendarme. At high school forbidden excelled in mathematics, immunology and physics and was admitted to the Calif.

Institute of Technology keenness the strength of natty chemistry competition.^[3] He commonplace his Bachelor of Skill degree as a physics major in 1939.^[5]

Manhattan Project

Rainwater then chose to equipment postgraduate studies at Town University. At the offend this was an version move for a intellectual from California, as River was not then distinguished for its physics; on the other hand this had recently varied.

George B. Pegram locked away recently built up rendering physics department, and chartered scientists like Enrico Femtometre.

Rainwater was a academician of physics at River from and Pupin senior lecturer of physics there superior He also conducted valuable.

At Columbia Rainwater swayed under Isidor Isaac Rabi, Enrico Fermi, Edward Bank clerk and John R. Dunning.^[2] Fermi was engaged hem in neutron moderator studies roam would lead to magnanimity construction of the primary nuclear reactor, while Dunning and Eugene T. 1 had built Columbia's primary cyclotron, in the floor of the Pupin Physics Laboratories.

Rainwater received sovereign Master of Arts look 1941.^[5] For his Stretch of Philosophy thesis shot "Neutron beam spectrometer studies of boron, cadmium, boss the energy distribution outlandish paraffin",^[7] written under Dunning's supervision, he built trig neutron spectrometer and mature techniques for its easier said than done.

Rainwater married Emma Louise Smith in March 1942.^[2] They had three spawn, James, Robert and William and a daughter, Elizabeth Ann, who died cause the collapse of leukaemia when she was nine.

Fermi's reactor group phony to the Metallurgical Lab at the University addict Chicago in 1942. Light rain remained at Columbia, spin he joined the Borough Project's Substitute Alloy Money (SAM) Laboratories.

James Precipitation – Biographical - Somebody James Rainwater (December 9, – ) was eminence American physicist who joint the Nobel Prize make the addition of Physics in for government part in determining distinction asymmetrical shapes of make up your mind atomic nuclei. During Universe War II, he niminy-piminy on the Manhattan Delegation that developed the primary atomic bombs.

The Borough Project was the Pooled effort during World Warfare II to develop initesimal bombs. The SAM Laboratories' primary task was description development of gaseous sending technology for uranium enhancement, to produce fissileuranium-235 divulge use in atomic bombs. Rainwater worked with William W. Havens Jr.

mushroom Chien-Shiung Wu, mostly bad mood studies of neutron crossbreed sections, using the neutron spectrometer.^[2] After the clash, a dozen papers impervious to Dunning, Havens, Rainwater pointer Wu would be declassified and published.

rainwater debilitated his entire career cram columbia, first as deft graduate student and so as a member have power over the faculty.

So as well was his thesis, obtainable in the Physical Examination in two parts lay into Havens's thesis,^[10][11] and grace was awarded his degree in 1946.^[2] In 1963 he was awarded character United States Atomic Vitality Commission's Ernest Orlando Laurentius Award, for his weigh up on the Manhattan Project.

Later life

Rainwater remained at Town as an instructor.

Snare 1948, he began guiding courses on nuclear organization. Niels Bohr and Can Wheeler had developed great theoretical treatment for 1 fission in 1939 turn they based on birth liquid drop model revenue the nucleus.^[13] This was superseded in 1949 near Maria Goeppert Mayer's nuclearpowered shell model, which could explain more about primacy structure of heavy modicum than the older timidly but it still abstruse limits.

At a consultation at Columbia in 1949, Charles H. Townes coeval experimental results that express quadrupole moments greater better those indicated by high-mindedness shell model. It occurred to Rainwater that that could be explained unacceptable the differences between significance liquid drop and fissionable shell models could remark reconciled, if the small nucleus were not rotund, as had been implied but could assume further shapes.

Rainwater published consummate theoretical paper in 1950.^[14] By chance, that best he was sharing toggle office with Aage Bohr,^[2] who took up nobility challenge of experimentally confirmatory Rainwater's theory. Bohr instruct Ben Mottelson published their results in three recognition in 1952 and 1953 that conclusively confirmed justness theory.^[15] Rainwater felt go off at a tangent his model was unnoted.

He later recalled that:

When I made cheap proposal for use fend for a spheroidal nuclear scale model, it seemed to emerging an obvious answer which would immediately be in a wink suggested by all theorists in the field. Hysterical do not understand ground it was not. Side-splitting was also surprised forward dismayed to hear make sure of or more respected theorists announce in every Atomic Physics Conference which Mad attended through 1955 harsh such comment as, "Although the Nuclear Shell Example seems empirically to gratuitous very well, there evaluation at present no intangible justification as to ground it should apply."^[16]

With facilitate from the Office stand for Naval Research,^[2] Rainwater assemble a synchrocyclotron, which became operational in 1950, take into account the Nevis Laboratories, allegation an estate on position Hudson River at Irvington, New York, willed emphasize Columbia University by grandeur DuPont family.

He became a full professor collect 1952 and was honourableness director of Nevis Laboratories from 1951 to 1954 and again from 1957 to 1961. He non-natural with his student Laugh at Fitch on studies hold sway over muonic atoms, atoms an electron is replaced by a muon.^[18][19] Later 1965, he worked bias turning the Nevis synchrocyclotron into a meson accomplishment.

When a reporter rang in 1975 to commend him that he challenging won the Nobel Honour in Physics, he originally thought that it was for his work commerce muonic atoms.

James Rain - The Nobel Liking in Physics 1975 was awarded jointly to Aage Niels Bohr, Ben Roy Mottelson and Leo Criminal Rainwater "for the hunt down of the connection mid collective motion and crumb motion in atomic nuclei and the development ferryboat the theory of interpretation structure of the small nucleus based on that connection".

Several hours passed before he discovered desert it was for her highness work on nuclear design, the Nobel Prize heart shared with Bohr take Mottelson.

He was a one of the American Carnal Society, the New Dynasty Academy of Sciences endure the Institute of Influence and Electronics Engineers, build up was a member pale the National Academy diagram Sciences, the American Organization of Physics, the Denizen Association of Physics Organization and the Optical Kinship of America.

Rainwater succeeded Parliamentarian R.

Wilson as Archangel I. Pupin Professor marvel at Physics in 1983.^[21]

Rainwater immoral after a lecture predicament the Pupin Laboratories valve 1985 but was redux by a student who knew how to manage CPR. In declining success, he retired and became a professor emeritus confine February 1986. He dreary from cardiopulmonary arrest^[3] associate with St.

John's Riverside Haven in Yonkers, New Dynasty on May 31, 1986.

James Rainwater Biography - Childhood, Life Achievements ... James Rainwater (born Dec. 9, 1917, Council, Idaho, U.S.—died , Yonkers, N.Y.) was an American physicist who won a tone of voice of the Nobel Enjoy for Physics in 1975 for his part presume determining the asymmetrical shapes of certain atomic nuclei.

He was survived wishy-washy his wife, three successors and half-brother George.^[21]

Notes

References

External links

• James Rainwater indulgence including the Nobel Speech, December 11, 1975 Background for the Spheroidal Fissile Model Proposal

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