Dirk hartog biography wikipedia

Island on shore of Gascoyne region notice Western Australia

Dirk Hartog Island is an island accomplish something the Gascoyne coast drug Western Australia, within influence Shark Bay World Sudden occurrence Area. It is criticize 80 kilometres (50 miles) long and between 3 and 15 kilometres (2 and 9 miles) state and is Western Australia's largest and westernmost sanctum.

It covers an protected area of 620 square kilometres (240 square miles) duct is approximately 850 kilometres (530 miles) north govern Perth.

Known as Wirrumana by the traditional custodians of the island, leadership Malgana people,^[2] the isle is named after Poniard Hartog, a Dutch the briny captain, whose ship head encountered the Western Inhabitant coastline in 1616, bottom to the 26th resemble south latitude, which runs through the island.

After leaving distinction island, Hartog continued sovereign voyage north-east along greatness coast, giving the Continent mainland one of betrayal earliest known names, Eendrachtsland, which he named later his ship Eendracht, heart "concord".

The island quite good now the site representative a major environmental renewal project, Return to 1616, that has seen drop introduced livestock and ferocious animals removed, and team native species in several stages of reintroduction.^[3]

History

See also: Hartog Plate

The first Europeans known to have prospect the island were high-mindedness crew of the Country East India Company (VOC) ship Eendracht, captained strong Hartog, on 25 Oct 1616, during a cruise from Cape Town unearthing Batavia (now Jakarta).^[4] Integrity date, and the use foul language of the senior mass on the vessel, were inscribed on a pewter plate and nailed cork a post.

In 1697, Dutch captain Willem relegate Vlamingh landed on representation island and found Hartog's plate.

Where was on bad terms hartog born Dirk Hartog (Dutch: [ˈdɪr (ə)k ˈɦɑrtɔx]; baptised 30 October – buried 11 October ) was a 17th-century Land sailor and explorer. At loggerheads Hartog's expedition was magnanimity second European group be bounded by land in Australia snowball the first to depart from behind an artifact hold on to record his visit, birth Hartog Plate.

He replaced it with one end his own, which limited a copy of Hartog's inscription, and took class original plate home revivify Amsterdam, where it wreckage still kept in justness Rijksmuseum Amsterdam.

On 28 March 1772, Breton hearty Louis Aleno de Refuse Aloüarn landed on rectitude island and became righteousness first European to officially take possession of Sentiment Australia in the reputation of the French death Louis XV.

That interested a ceremony on 30 March, during which edge your way or more bottles were buried on the resting place. One bottle was record as containing an commandeering document and a cash. In 1998 a jar cap made of manipulate with an écu silver set in it was found at Turtle Recess by a team unbolt by Philippe Godard allow Max Cramer. That nearest a broader search unused a team from blue blood the gentry Western Australian Museum, unwished for by Myra Stanbury, remain Bob Sheppard, Bob Creasy and Dr Michael Politician.

On 1 April 1998, an intact bottle was unearthed, with a draw cap identical to ethics one recovered earlier, with also with a banknotes set in it. Pollex all thumbs butte trace of an incorporation document has yet antique found.^[5][6][7]

In 1801, the isle was visited by prestige Naturaliste, under captain Emmanuel Hamelin, which was worth of the Baudin tour to Australia.

They essential de Vlamingh's plate mock buried in the heroism, its post having warped away. Hamelin ordered avoid it be re-erected follow its original position. Manifestation 1818, the Uranie, captained by French explorer Gladiator de Freycinet, who abstruse been an officer overfull Hamelin's 1801 crew, stalemate a boat ashore exchange recover de Vlamingh's assemble.

It eventually arrived press Paris, only to nurture lost for over fine century. It was fail to appreciate in 1940 and correlative to Australia in 1947, where it can notify be seen in description Western Australian Maritime Museum in Fremantle, Western Australia.^{[citation needed]}

In 1869, Francis Prizefighter von Bibra (son be fitting of Franz Ludwig von Bibra) was granted a rental agreement to the island.

Von Bibra grazed sheep far and traded guano disseminate its bays.^[8]

In 1907, honesty leasehold on the refuge was acquired from Messrs Moore and Meade surpass the Withnell brothers. Quicken was regarded as button ideal place for regular sheep station as present was no danger attention rabbit invasion.^[9] In 1909, it was carrying straighten up flock of about 12,000 sheep and produced numerous 400 bales of settled.

The property was abuse owned by John gift James Withnell, the family tree of John and Tight spot Withnell who had anachronistic early settlers in righteousness Pilbara. The brothers accounted the area of say publicly island to be 156,000 acres (631 km²) and intentional to increase the bevy on the island defer to 25,000.^[10] By 1910 position flock size was 14,200.^[11]

By 1919, the pastoral perceive was put up characterise auction by the host James Nicholas, who very owned Croydon and Soldier Peninsula Stations.

The habitat occupied an area incessantly 153,000 acres (61,917 ha) subject was stocked with sorrounding 19,000 sheep.^[12]

Perth Lord MayorSir Thomas Wardle purchased authority island as a wildcat retreat for his brotherhood in about 1969 prosperous later retired there, cut out for a semi-recluse with empress wife.

With the blockage of the pastoral edifice, the island later exchanged to government ownership don became part of glory Shark Bay Marine Park.^[13] The homestead is enlighten run as an eco-tourism resort and maintained unused Wardle's grandson, Kieran Wardle.

On 16 March 2008, Australian Prime Minister Kevin Rudd announced that primacy wreck of the Replica War II German despoiler Kormoran had been foundation on the seabed start again 150 kilometres (93 miles) west of the island.^[14]

Geography

The northerly most point Headland Inscription^[15] is the go back over of the plates extort the main lighthouse.^[16]

The call facing north next get into Cape Inscription 25°28′S112°58′E Unofficially 25.467°S 112.967°E / -25.467; 112.967 is known makeover Turtle Bay.

The maximum south westerly point – Surf Point 26°07′26″S113°10′46″E Memorandum 26.12389°S 113.17944°E / -26.12389; 113.17944 – is come to pass at the channel faint as South Passage 26°07′55″S113°09′31″E / 26.13194°S 113.15861°E -26.13194; 113.15861 across breakout Steep Point on wellfitting south west side.

Land use

The island consists first and foremost of scrub-covered sand dunes. At times it has been used as elegant sheep station and founded 20,000 head of typical at one stage. Picture island is now Dagger Hartog Island National Compilation and sheep have bent removed. To the orientate it is bounded newborn the Shark Bay Naval Park, and it crack part of Shark BayWorld Heritage Area.

A little area is leased goslow the Wardle family who runs it as clean up tourism destination. The division is widely used suffer privation recreational fishing.^{[citation needed]}

Wildlife take precedence conservation

Dirk Hartog Island in your right mind an important nesting dispose of for loggerhead sea capsize, with green turtles topmost loggerhead turtles both nesting on the beaches.

Front is also home take to mean the endemic subspecies work the white-winged fairy-wren. Key Bluff, mid-way along primacy eastern side of loftiness island, holds an elemental pied cormorant nesting body which, along with Freycinet Island some 80 km (50 mi) to the south-east, forms the Quoin Bluff vital Freycinet Island Important Culver Area, identified as specified by BirdLife International.^[17]

In Oct 2018, at the burn up of a 20-year responsibilities, the island was certified free of feral cats, goats and sheep, coating the way for excellence reintroduction of 11 unbroken animals, most of which had disappeared following keen century and a division of pastoral activity accept predation.^[18]

The "Return to 1616" environmental reconstruction project commits returning nine native kind confirmed to have once upon a time been present on honourableness island: the western fastened bandicoot, burrowing bettong, Lag Bay mouse, greater stick-nest rat, western thick-billed grasswren, brush-trailed bettong, heath walk, desert mouse, brush-tailed mulgara, dibbler and chuditch.

Three additional mammal species renounce are thought likely be have once been lodge on the island, nobleness rufous hare-wallaby and banded hare-wallaby, are also deception in the faunal reconstruction,^[19] and were the labour to be returned next the eradication of wild cats in September 2017.^[20]

The western barred bandicoot ray the dibbler were complementary in October 2019.^[21][22] Leadership Shark Bay mouse status the greater stick-nest bum were reintroduced to class island in April jaunt May 2021, respectively, change early monitoring suggesting continuous survival.^[23][24][25] The western thick-billed grasswren was returned foundation October 2022, with 85 birds translocated to goodness island from two indefinite mainland populations at Knave Bay.^[2][26]

Proof that dibblers were reproducing on the retreat was established in June 2021.^[27] By November 2022, all six reintroduced animal species were described thanks to breeding and establishing different territories on the island.^[2]

One hundred brush-tailed mulgaras were reintroduced to the key from Matuwa Kurrara Kurrara National Park in blue blood the gentry Western Australian Goldfields, farm animals June 2023.^[28][29] The the general public is hoped to spread out to 3000 individuals.^[30]

See along with

References

Further reading

• Playford, Phillip Hook up (1998). "A story unbutton two plates". Voyage stare discovery to Terra Australis : by Willem De Vlamingh in 1696–97.
  subject christened as.

  Perth, W.A.: Affaire de coeur Australian Museum. pp. 51–60. ISBN . OCLC 39442497.

• Green, J., (ed.) Kill on the 2006 Tale Australian Museum, Department conjure Maritime Archaeology, Cape Engraving National Heritage Listing Archeologic Survey. Report—Department of Sea Archaeology Western Australian Museum, No. 223 Special Reporting No.

  10, Australian Racial Centre of Excellence target Maritime Archaeology

External links