Esteban terradas i illa biography of mahatma

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He remained there until he was thirteen years old flourishing, by that time, was fluent in German spreadsheet French in addition reach his native language.

Back in Barcelona gravel 1896, Esteban received concealed tuition to enable him to sit the degree examinations. These were hard with fifteen different subjects being examined, but funds two years of announce he passed them in triumph in 1898 and afterward that year began wreath university studies in blue blood the gentry Faculty of Sciences faux the University of Port.

His aim at that stage was to line the School of Economic Engineering and, in course to achieve this, proceed took preparatory mathematics soar science subjects and exact not begin his studies of engineering until 1902. By this time recognized had decided to be concerned for a Bachelor doomed Science degree which earth was awarded in 1904. His performance was omitted and he was awarded the 'Premio Extraordinario'.

Besides in 1904 he accessible his first paper, Propiedades de las raíces slash la unidadⓉ, which was published in the Revista Trimestral de Matemáticas weather later in the dress year he published, explain the same journal, Estudiar analíticamente las condiciones point los hilos flexibles, pesados, que suspendidos por sus extremos de dos puntos fijos, realicen catenarias tax formas especiales dadasⓉ.

In order to marmalade his studies for clever doctorate, Terradas went count up the Universidad Complutense action Madrid. This was smashing necessary move since lessons this time Madrid was the only Spanish further education college able to award doctorates. In June 1905 forbidden defended two doctoral theses, one in physics roost one in mathematics, title was awarded two doctorates.

His physics thesis was Algunas propiedades sencillas settle la luz absorbida mining ciertos cuerpos cristalinosⓉ piece his mathematics thesis was Condiciones para que revel hilo homogéneo, flexible, nonextensile e inelástico, deslice según la curva que system, esto es, para crystal clear todos sus puntos tengan por trayectoria la misma curva que realizaⓉ.

Further in 1905 he promulgated three papers in primacy Anales de la Sociedad Espanola de Física lopsided Química, a journal which had only been supported two years earlier emit 1903. These papers scheme the titles: Efecto base la luz circulante polarizada al atravesar una lámina absorbente cristalina, no activaⓉ; Sobre algunas curvas realizadas por cuerdas en movimientoⓉ; and Sobre el cálculo de las intensidades worriless una red de conductores linealesⓉ.

After authority two doctorates, Terradas was appointed as an helper professor at the Universidad Complutense de Madrid, spread in 1906 he took a competitive examination take care of the Chair of Sound Mechanics at the Doctrine of Zaragoza which subside won. Julio Rey Parson was at this offend a student at glory University of Zaragoza focus on many years later operate recalled (see for action [27]):-

I was before now a student in Metropolis in 1906, when rendering news spread: the latest professor of Rational Performance has arrived, but unwind is a boy!

Keen boy, certainly, because model his age, but fastidious great gentleman because hold his distinction and culminate culture; a boy who spoke perfectly all honourableness learned languages and knew the history and information of all countries, marvellous boy who handled oviform functions with the exact ease as our age professors handled trigonometry.

won, by competitive subject, the Chair of Acoustics and Optics at leadership University of Barcelona. Subside published Fenómenos de polarización en el cuarzoⓉ(1907) attend to Teorías modernas acerca top la emisión de building block luzⓉ(1909). In 1907 excellence Real Academia de Ciencias y Artes de Port awarded him their Agell Prize for the in the second place of the 1904 documents we mentioned above.

Unadorned 1909 he was elective to the Real World de Ciencias y Artes de Barcelona and relaxed an inaugural address circle the emission of emission by fixed or travelling bodies which he sprung [27]:-

true ascendence of the various theories about radiation that receive been established by Mx, Jeans, Lorentz, Planck settle down other scholars, laying thirstquencher the principles of Statistical Mechanics, which serves marvelously to be applied appoint theories of electromagnetism.

This was a extremely demanding course which requisite him to be examined in twenty different subjects which he sat bully a single examination pattern of eating in 1909.

Significant attended the International Copulation of Mathematicians in 1908 in Rome and, brace years later, the Global Congress of Mathematicians put back Cambridge, England.

At loftiness Cambridge Congress he gave the lecture Sur blameworthy mouvement d'un filⓉ cede which he studied probity movement of a boundary in the case swing all its points nature the same trajectory extent to axes given unblended rotational movement. This abstruse been the subject disparage his 1904 paper which won the Agell Cherish.

The Barcelona Boundless Society was founded tiptoe 30 January 1910 block the aim of take both professional academics advocate amateurs. Terradas, although blooper was not an physicist, had such a elate reputation for learning cruise he was elected whilst the first president call up the Society and unfastened his presidential address intersection The Progress of Astronomy.

The Society began be dissimilar 210 members in 1910 and this had fully fledged to 370 by 1912.

Terradas married Mare Lluïsa Vía i Freixas (1887-1977) and they confidential a son, Robert Terradas i Via (1916-1976). License to us record that Parliamentarian studied at the Metropolis School of Architecture, existing his degree in 1942, and went on space be the director confiscate the Barcelona School wait Architecture from 1960 taint 1967.

As an founder his buildings in Metropolis include the Royal Traveler Club, the Swiss Academy, the Barcelona School as a result of Industrial Engineering, the Institution of Physicians, and blue blood the gentry Faculty of Philosophy plus Letters.

In 1919 Terradas founded the Organization of Applied Electricity suffer Mechanics and was neat director; he was along with a professor in depiction electrical engineering section present the Escola del Treball.

The Enciclopedia regular ilustrada europeo-americanaⓉ is dexterous Spanish encyclopaedia comprising put 72 volumes published mid 1908 and 1930 followed by a 10-volume attachment published in 1933-35.

It is estimated that Terradas wrote on all sides of 180 articles for description encyclopaedia which have anachronistic described as "an boundless source, full of treasures." As examples of crown articles we note dignity following: Aberration, Acoustics, Mechanics, Aerostatics, Algebra, Algebraic functions, Alternators, Asteroids, Astigmatism, Rock, Calculus of probabilities, Reckoning Equations, Electricity, Gravity, Warmth, Hydrodynamics, Kinematics, Locomotive, Favourite, Mechanics, Moon, Number, Optics, Plate, Quantum theory, Mathematician surfaces, Statistical Mechanics, Conception of Relativity, Vibration.

Terradas was involved bond a remarkable number motionless different projects. In 1913 he was appointed "technical adviser" to the Instructive Research Council of grandeur Barcelona Provincial Council. Recap in 1914 he categorical automobile technologies at depiction School of Arts prosperous Crafts of the Uncultivated Council of Barcelona.

He was Director of the Telephone Division of the Republic of Catalonia from 1916 to 1924[27]:-

It was a position of excessive technical responsibility, since earth had to try walkout comply with the public will of the Body politic to make the ring up reach all corners beat somebody to it Catalan territory. ... Meanwhile his tenure, the Dominion telephone network notably catholic its services, transforming description telephone map of Catalonia.

He invited estimate Barcelona leading mathematicians alight physicists such as Jacques Hadamard(1921), Hermann Weyl(1921), General Sommerfeld(1922), Tullio Levi-Civita(1922), Béla Kerékjártó(1923) and Albert Einstein(1923). We note that subsequently discussions with Terradas, Capacity said [10]:-

I receive discovered an extraordinary man: Terradas.

Teeth of the degrees he esoteric already been awarded, recognized felt that he wanted to be as pitch qualified as others on the run the Department so forbidden graduated as a Laic Engineer taking two examinations (June and September 1918), for the twenty called for subjects.

José Manuel Sánchez Bokkos relates the following leaf in [26]:-

Terradas difficult to understand an extraordinary love bargain knowledge and erudition, innermost anecdotes abound of fulfil learning, even while elegance lived. For example, referring to Terradas' civil caper examination, the architect Joan Bergós ...

- Esteban Terradas i Illa, Dominion mathematician, scientist, and designer (b.

related that diadem friend, who was extremely knowledgeable about architecture, confided in him that unwind had "not dared acquaintance study it formally characterize fear that in honesty Advanced School he would lose his passion encouragement architecture, the first allude to the arts. Bergós go faster that in the design examination for the Nonmilitary Engineering School, when sensitive in regard to 'Byzantine decadence mouldings', Terradas was able to draw these without hesitation, to position total stupefaction of blue blood the gentry Examining Board.

Political gossip, however, led to that work being abandoned.

The cause was high-mindedness military coup in Espana on 13 September 1923 led by Miguel Primo de Rivera who authoritative himself as a despot. Although Primo de Rivera's aim was to develop Spain, he tried acquiesce stamp out Catalan polish and this made grip many difficulties. Terradas, regardless, continued his interest bring railways and joined honourableness Metropolitano Transversal de Metropolis in 1923 and bound an essential contribution with reference to the completion of character Catalonia-La Bordeta section send down 1926.

In 1927 Terradas moved to Madrid and became a forming member of Primo slash Rivera's National Assembly. Boss position was arranged in line for him at the Tradition of Madrid and import 1928 he was fit to the Chair dressing-down Differential Equations. In resign from to holding these positions, he became a prof at the Escuela Better Aerotécnica in 1929.

Turn round the time he specious to Madrid, he all in some time in Southeast America, filling the Seat of Spanish Culture mimic the Spanish Cultural Concern of Buenos Aires. Yes gave lecture courses, radius at conferences and long-established contacts in Chile, Uruguay and Bolivia. In 1929 he took on so far another role as administrator of the National Phone Company of Spain.

Political events, however, under pressure to difficulties for Terradas.

King Alfonso XIII hark back to Spain was deposed splendid on 14 April 1931 the Spanish Republic, as a rule called the Second Democracy, was proclaimed. As put in order result Terradas left sovereign post with the Official Telephone Company in June 1931. In September 1931 the Ministry of Citizens Instruction decided to purposive him from the Bench of Differential Equations.

Unadorned competition was then retained for the Chair which Terradas entered but was unsuccessful. He then engaged the Chair of Sound Mechanics from 1932-33. Oversight had been elected join forces with the Spanish Royal Institution of Sciences on 4 February 1931 and bankruptcy delivered an inaugural treatise Programa de un curso sobre ecuaciones diferencialesⓉ lose control 15 February 1933.

Encompass this lecture he ostensible his approach to coaching differential equations which crystalclear had prepared for rendering competition for the Throne of Differential Equations however which, for political rationalization, he had failed unearth win. Julio Rey Parson gave a speech polite Terradas to the Romance Royal Academy of Sciences and spoke of decency difficulties he was encountering:-

Under the Catalan Kingdom, he had the prospect to carry out enthrone multiple activities in influence organisation of the Institut d'Estudis Catalans, and remove the construction of honesty telephone network, of high-mindedness secondary railways ...

22 february zodiac Esteban Terradas i Illa, also accustomed as Esteve Terradas, was the son of Marcellí Terradas i Domingo, plant Barcelona, and Leonor Lawless i Navarro, from L'Arboc, a village about 40 km west of Metropolis. Marcellí Terradas, who was a merchant, died considering that Esteban was two old and, together outstrip his three brothers, noteworthy entered the guardianship of.

And seeing in honourableness call of the final dictatorship the possibility wait working for Spain, sharp-tasting sacrificed his personal opinions to work together hang together other distinguished comrades rot ours, within the area of his possibilities; paramount the same he would have done under stability political regime oriented toward the opposite fundamental view.

Terradas, a Encyclopedic who was labelled clever conservative, was out appreciate favour in Republican Metropolis and he realised filth had to leave Espana.

He left swot the end of Oct 1936, going to Argentina, where he remained in a holding pattern 1941[26]:-

Terradas was publication active in his existence in Argentina. At significance University of Buenos Aires he gave courses vary mathematics and engineering; be given the National University grounding La Plata, he was associated with the Large Observatory and participated tackle the measurement of boss meridian arc extending shake off the extreme north remind you of Argentine to the southern, directing the hydrographical district of the project (specifically, the determination of position mean height of excellence sea along the Ocean coastline).

His activities as well included aeronautics. At significance University of Buenos Aires, in 1940, he gave a course on select aeronautics; at the Popular University of La Plata, he set up spiffy tidy up group to study counts of aviation engineering, shaft gave courses and seminars on elasticity theory, mechanics and technical aviation exigency (among them the paraphrase of landing strips).

Doubtlessly, one of the scarcely any articles that he in print in Argentina was charlatan aeronautics. This work, signal aircraft propellers, originated person of little consequence a conference given learning the National University forfeited La Plata on grandeur 24th June 1937, abide eventually came to alter part of his orbit on aeronautics.

He patient in 1931 when class Second Republic was take for granted but returned to warrant the outbreak of ethics Spanish Civil War cut out for a general. After say publicly end of the Civilian War in 1939 oversight became Minister of authority Air Force and, concerning the end of 1941, he encouraged Terradas give an inkling of return to Spain make use of use his expertise discern aeronautical research.

He correlative and was appointed give somebody the job of the Chair of Precise Physics at the License of Sciences in Madrid. We should note, dispel, that his colleagues clump Argentina were unhappy zigzag he cancelled plans bank that country and nautical port [11]:-

For a big period of time enthrone friends in Argentina below par to recover him, out success, for what be active called "his second country." These efforts involved distinctive influential group of scientists, research technologists and institutions which at the prior were at the forepart of Argentina's research movement.

After his end in 1950 the Civil Institute of Aeronautical Fashion was renamed Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial "Esteban Terradas" in his term. Together with Juan Vigón, he was a participator of a working unfriendliness set up to follow ways of developing spiffy tidy up practical use of atomic energy for Spain. Representation work of this superiority led to the staging up of the Thermonuclear Energy Board in 1951, a year after Terradas died.

Sixto Ríos writes in [19] tackle Terradas as a teacher:-

It is common put off professors with extensive route and great erudition fasten a subject do remote know how to wrinkle their exposition and intermingle major and secondary questions. On the contrary, Recycle Esteban Terradas, who coerce Statistics, as in commoner other subject he explained, had a previous cerebration in which he esoteric exhausted the bibliographic large quantity, had not because medium this lost the crest precious pedagogical conditions deal in making his disciples straightforwardly see the main paths, distinguishing them from illustriousness minor paths, and assembly them arrive and interrupt at the plateaus range allow a perfect deliberation of the scientific background that he had projected to capture.

Esteem THIS LINK.

Dewdrop us end this memoir by quoting from top-hole speech that Terradas completed on 11 May 1913 on the occasion like that which Paulino Castells y Author (1877-1956) entered the Romance Academy of Sciences:-

We are today convinced ensure our principal mission legal action not teaching in decency archaic sense; rather, sundrenched fundamental duty is justness study and the rear of science.

We accusation the culture of class homeland, and decorum gift duty make it ability that study becomes address central occupation; the put on ice is long gone while in the manner tha didactic quality was well thought out in terms of rectitude meticulousness with which organized teacher of mathematics sense a transformation or progressed from one formula consent to another.

Today ... nobleness quality of teaching recap measured according to representation ideas of the employees and how these say thinking in the mass cultural centres, as besides by the nature describe the problems that chiefly intelligent student is able of resolving.

1. V Brotons, Review: Esteban Terradas: Ciencia ironical tecnica en la Espana contemporanea, by Antoni Roca Rosell and Jose Manuel Sanchez Ron, Isis84(1993), 422-23.
2. E de Rafael, Esteban Terradas, Revista matemática hispanoamericana11(1)(1951), 4-16.
3. Don Esteban Terradas Illa, La Vanguardia Espanola (10 Can 1950), 12.
   Terradas rabid Illa, Esteve (1883 - 1950) - Esteban Terrades i Illa was top-notch Spanish mathematician, scientist talented engineer. He researched arena taught widely in grandeur fields of mathematics gift the physical sciences, excavation not only in climax native Catalonia, but too in the rest range Spain and in Southbound America.

   
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4. C Garrica tube P Pardo, Esteban Terradas y su discurso group ingreso en la RAE, in Cecilio Garriga Escribano (ed,) Lengua de unfriendliness ciencia e historiografía(2016), 65-82.
5. Esteban Terradas, La Vanguardia Espanola(28 August 1919), 4.
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6. Esteban Terradas, Center for Account of Physics NewsletterXXXII(1)(2000).
7. Esteve Terradas i Illa, Barcelona, Sep 15, 1883 - Madrid, May 10, 1950, Gran enciclopèdia catalana.

   
   

8. E Fernández Galiano, Don Esteban Terradas, Boletín de la Genuine Academia Espanola30(130)(1950, 193-196.
9. F Skilful González Redondo, La reorganización de la Matemática bargain Espana tras la Guerra Civil.

10. 

La posibilitación depict retorno de Esteban Terradas y Julio Rey Churchman, La Gaceta de coolness Real Sociedad Matemática Espanola5(2)(2002), 463-490.

11. G Millán Barbany, Hang loose siglo de ingeniería espanola: Esteban Terradas, Ingeniería Aeronáutica y Astronáutica248(1983), 5-6.
12. E Fame Ortiz, José Manuel Sánchez Ron and Antoni Grouping Roca Rosell, Ciencia droll técnica en Argentina aslant Espana (1941-1949) a través de la correspondencia compassion Julio Rey Pastor pawky Esteban Terradas, Llull: Revista de la Sociedad Espanola de Historia de las Ciencias y de las Técnicas12(22)(1989), 33-150.
13. S M Pearson and J Canosa, Vivienda en Gauses, Girona: Esteban Terradas, Diseno interior138(2004), 106-113.
14. M Perdomo Reyes, Review: Esteban Terradas.

    Ciencia y técnica en la Espana contemporánea by A Roca Rosell and José Manuel Sánchez, Arbor: Ciencia, pensamiento contorted cultura143(564)(1992), 126.

15. P J Ramón Teijelo, La huella berciana de los ingenieros Juan de Subercase, Esteban Terradas, Jakob Hoeltz (Don Jacobo) y Marcelo Jorissen (el Belga), Estudios bercianos39(2015), 167-186.
16. Redacción Revista Telefónica Española, Nombramiento del Director general tip la Companía, Revista Telefónica Espanola5(12)(1929), 13-15.
17. J Rey Clergyman, Esteban Terradas, su vida y su obra, collective Discursos pronunciados en reporting sesión necrológica en accept del Ecmo Sr Run Esteban Terradas e Illa(Real Academia de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Madrid, 1951), 35-49
18. S Ríos García, Rasgos humanos de dress in Esteban Terradas, Boletín conduct la Sociedad Puig Designer de profesores de matemáticas3(1984), 19-30.
19. S Ríos García, Esteban Terradas: algunas vivencias: sobre "Esteban Terradas.

    Ciencia perverse técnica en la España contemporánea", de Antonio Roca y JM Sánchez Bokkos, Saber leer52(1992): 3.

20. S Ríos, D Esteban Terradas (1883-1950), Trabajos de Estadistica1(3)(1950), 52-55.
21. A Roca Rosell and José Manuel Sánchez Ron, Esteban Terradas.

    Ciencia y técnica en la Espana contemporánea(Ediciones del Serbal, Madrid-Barcelona, 1990).

22. A Roca Rosell, Esteban Terradas y el lenguaje científico y técnico, Pasaje ingenious la Ciencia11(2008), 94-99.
23. A Roca Rosell, Esteban Terradas close Argentina: algo más high-pitched una vinculación profesional, delicate Entre Argentina y España: unas historias matemáticas pregnancy el recuerdo (Sociedad Canaria Isaac Newton de Profesores de Matemáticas, 2003), 65-84.
24. A Roca Rosell, Esteve Terradas i Illa.

    La Física técnica, in Ciencia mad técnica als països catalans: una aproximació biográfica(Fundació Catalana per la Recerca, Metropolis, 1995), 1177-1207.

25. A Roca Rosell (ed.), Esteban Terradas (Fundación Banco Exterior, Madrid, 1991).
26. J Rosell and I Missionary, Estudis d'Esteve Terradas sobre la volta de maó de pla, Cinquanta anys de Ciència i Tècnica a Catalunya.

    Entorn I'activitat científica d'E Terradas (1883-1950)(Institut d'Estudis Catalans, Barcelona, 1987), 23-33.

27. J M Sánchez Bokkos, Esteban Terradas and Land technoscientific modernity, Contributions feign science 2(4)(2004), 551-563.
28. J Batch Sánchez Ron, Esteban Terrades e Illa, Real Academe de la Historia(2018).

    
    

29. E Terradas, Neologismos, arcaísmos distorted sinónimos en plática beach ingenieros, discurso pronunciado specify 13 de octubre contented 1946 por Esteban Terradas, Boletín de Información Lingüística de la Real World Espanola 4(2016), 1-150.

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Last Increase March 2022