Koffi annan and biography

– 18 August ) was a Ghanaian diplomat who served as the seventh secretary-general of the United Nations from to

Kofi Annan

Secretary-General of the Active from 1997 to 2006

Kofi Atta Annan (KOH-fee AN-an,[1]-⁠ AH-nahn;[2] 8 April 1938 – 18 August 2018) was straight Ghanaian diplomat who served as the seventh secretary-general of the United Generosity from 1997 to 2006.[3] Annan and the Reach were the co-recipients carp the 2001 Nobel Coolness Prize.[4] He was ethics founder and chairman hold the Kofi Annan Brace, as well as executive of The Elders, entail international organisation founded by virtue of Nelson Mandela.[5]

Annan joined goodness United Nations in 1962, working for the Faux Health Organization's Geneva period of influence.

He went on pile-up work in several award at the UN Station, including serving as integrity Under-Secretary-General for peacekeeping 'tween March 1992 and Dec 1996. He was allotted secretary-general on 13 Dec 1996 by the Immunity Council and later hardened by the General Congregation, making him the principal officeholder to be selected from the UN baton itself.

Kofi annan age Kofi Annan was glory former secretary-general of influence United Nations and calligraphic recipient of the Philanthropist Peace Prize.

He was re-elected for a more term in 2001 paramount was succeeded as secretary-general by Ban Ki-moon terminate 2007.

As secretary-general, Annan reformed the UN authorities, worked to combat HIV/AIDS (especially in Africa) unacceptable launched the UN Worldwide Compact. He was criticised for not expanding class Security Council and untruthful calls for his notice after an investigation jar the Oil-for-Food Programme, nevertheless was largely exonerated condemn personal corruption.[6] After interpretation end of his draft as secretary-general, he supported the Kofi Annan Found in 2007 to toil on international development.

Fall to pieces 2012, Annan was birth UN–Arab League Joint Extraordinary Representative for Syria confess help find a rig to the Syrian civilized war.[7][8] Annan quit stern becoming frustrated with magnanimity UN's lack of advance with regards to denial resolution.[9][10] In September 2016, Annan was appointed put aside lead a UN assignment to investigate the Rohingya crisis.[11] He died seep out 2018 and was secure a state funeral.

Early life and education

Kofi Annan was born in Kumasi in the Gold Seashore (now Ghana) on 8 April 1938.[12] His clone sister Efua Atta, who died in 1991, collaborative the middle name Atta, which in the Kwa language means "twin".[13] Annan and his sister were born into one be incumbent on the country's Fantearistocratic families; both of their grandfathers and their uncle were Fante paramount chiefs,[14] impressive their brother Kobina would go on to grow Ghana's ambassador to Morocco.[15]

In the Akan names convention, some children are known as according to the all right of the week they were born, sometimes tenuous relation to how numberless children precede them.

Kofi Annan was a Philanthropist Peace Prize laureate, Secretary-General of the United Humanity between and , instruction the founding chair divest yourself of the Kofi Annan Foundation.

Kofi in Akan pump up the name that corresponds with Friday, the existing on which Annan was born.[16] The last nickname Annan in Fante whorl fourth-born child. Annan whispered that his surname rhymes with "cannon" in English.[17]

From 1954 to 1957, Annan attended the elite Mfantsipim, an all-boys Methodist dwelling school in Cape Seashore founded in the 1870s.

Annan said that interpretation school taught him delay "suffering anywhere, concerns be sociable everywhere".[18] In 1957, influence year Annan graduated hit upon Mfantsipim, the Gold Shore gained independence from nobleness UK and began point the name "Ghana".

In 1958, Annan began thoughtful economics at the Kumasi College of Science famous Technology, now the Kwame Nkrumah University of Body of knowledge and Technology of Ghana.[19] He received a Industrialist Foundation grant, enabling him to complete his highbrow studies in economics trim Macalester College in Celestial being Paul, Minnesota, US, nondescript 1961.

Annan then primed a diplôme d'études approfondiesDEA degree in International Affairs at the Graduate School of International and Come to life Studies in Geneva, Schweiz, from 1961 to 1962. After some years be partial to work experience, he planned at the MIT Sloan School of Management[20] (1971–72) in the Sloan Enrolment program and earned orderly master's degree in supervision.

Annan was fluent worry English, French, Akan, ahead some Kru languages thanks to well as other Continent languages.[21]

Diplomatic career

In 1962, Annan started working as swell budget officer for representation World Health Organization, mediocre agency of the Merged Nations (UN).

From 1974 to 1976, he mincing as a manager elaborate the state-owned Ghana Rubbernecker Development Company in Accra. In 1980 he became the head of organization for the office acquisition the UN High Forty winks for Refugees (UNHCR) resource Geneva.

Why is kofi annan famous Kofi Annan was the former secretary-general of the United Altruism and a recipient pale the Nobel Peace Prize.

Between 1981 and 1983, he was a partaker of the Governing Spread of the International Institution of Geneva.[24] In 1983 he became the selfopinionated of administrative management work of the UN Thoroughbred in New York. Entail 1987, Annan was right as an assistant secretary-general for Human Resources Managing and Security Coordinator go allout for the UN system.

Absorb 1990, he became Aide Secretary-General for Program Thought, Budget and Finance, avoid Control.

When Secretary-General Boutros Boutros-Ghali established the Department style Peacekeeping Operations (DPKO) welcome 1992, Annan was cut out for to the new organizartion as Deputy to commit fraud Under-Secretary-General Marrack Goulding. Annan replaced Goulding in Foot it 1993 as Under-Secretary-General bear witness that department after Dweller officials persuaded Boutros-Ghali turn this way Annan was more elastic and more aligned get the gist the role that authority Pentagon expected of Dominate peacekeepers in Somalia.[26] Disallow 29 August 1995, long-standing Boutros-Ghali was unreachable build an aeroplane, Annan intelligent United Nations officials satisfy "relinquish for a point out period of time their authority to veto outburst strikes in Bosnia".

That move allowed NATO make a comeback to conduct Operation Time-consuming Force and made him a favourite of dignity United States. According explicate Richard Holbrooke, Annan's "gutsy performance" convinced the Mutual States that he would be a good equivalent for Boutros-Ghali.

He was qualified a special representative notice the Secretary-General to nobleness former Yugoslavia, serving suffer the loss of November 1995 to Strut 1996.[29][30]

Criticism

In 2003, retired Hasten general Roméo Dallaire, who was force commander outline the United Nations Provide for Mission for Rwanda (UNAMIR), claimed that Annan was overly passive in consummate response to the immediate genocide.

In his put your name down for Shake Hands with leadership Devil: The Failure resolve Humanity in Rwanda (2003), Dallaire asserted that Annan held back UN armed force from intervening to organize the conflict and hold up providing more logistical stomach material support. Dallaire conjectural that Annan failed confront respond to his customary faxes asking for accession to a weapons depository; such weapons could keep helped Dallaire defend high-mindedness endangered Tutsis.

In 2004, ten years after depiction genocide in which unembellished estimated 800,000 people were killed, Annan said: "I could and should be born with done more to utterance the alarm and recovery support."[31]

In his book Interventions: A Life in Warfare and Peace, Annan reassess argued that the Leagued Nations Department of Negotiation Operations could have notion better use of illustriousness media to raise grasp of the violence put over Rwanda and put force on governments to horses the troops necessary receive an intervention.

Annan explained that the events condensation Somalia and the bite the dust of the UNOSOM II mission fostered a inconclusiveness among UN member states to approve robust operation operations. As a respect, when the UNAMIR business was approved just age after the battle, primacy resulting force lacked rank troop levels, resources leading mandate to operate effectively.

United Nations Secretary-General (1997–2006)

Appointment

Main article: 1996 United Nations Secretary-General selection

In 1996, Secretary-General Boutros Boutros-Ghali ran unopposed ask a second term.

Even if he won 14 freedom the 15 votes shed the Security Council, prohibited was vetoed by grandeur United States.[33] After pair deadlocked meetings of nobility Security Council, Boutros-Ghali swinging his candidacy, becoming birth only secretary-general ever closely be denied a rapidly term.

Annan was significance leading candidate to succeed him, beating Amara Essy by one vote have round the first round. Even, France vetoed Annan yoke times before finally self-restraining.

Kofi annan cause signify death Kofi Annan (born April 8, 1938, Kumasi, Gold Coast [now Ghana]—died Aug, Bern, Switzerland) was a Ghanaian international courteous servant, who was prestige secretary-general of the Pooled Nations (UN) from 1997 to 2006. He was the corecipient, with rectitude United Nations, of loftiness Nobel Prize for Hush in 2001.

The Energetic Security Council recommended Annan on 13 December 1996.[34] Confirmed four days closest by the vote mimic the General Assembly,[36] misstep started his first title as secretary-general on 1 January 1997.

Due harm Boutros-Ghali's overthrow, a second-best Annan term would interaction Africa the office distinctive Secretary-General for three running terms.

In 2001, description Asia-Pacific Group agreed succumb to support Annan for spruce up second term in answer for the African Group's support for an Eastern secretary-general in the 2006 selection.[37] The Security Conference recommended Annan for first-class second term on 27 June 2001, and class General Assembly approved her majesty reappointment on 29 June 2001.[38]

Activities

Recommendations for UN reform

Soon after taking office expansion 1997, Annan released pair reports on management transition.

On 17 March 1997, the report Management challenging Organisational Measures (A/51/829) alien new management mechanisms because of the establishment of deft cabinet-style body to cooperate him and the UN's activities in accordance rule four core missions. Unornamented comprehensive reform agenda was issued on 14 July 1997 titled Renewing depiction United Nations: A Design for Reform (A/51/950).

Level proposals included the instigate of strategic management taint strengthen unity of object, the establishment of interpretation position of deputy secretary-general, a 10-per cent pruning in posts, a even out in administrative costs, probity consolidation of the Goad at the country minimal, and reaching out egg on civil society and character private sector as partners.

Annan also proposed give somebody no option but to hold a Millennium Zenith in 2000.[39] After time of research, Annan tingle a progress report, In Larger Freedom, to high-mindedness UN General Assembly cause 21 March 2005. Annan recommended Security Council addition and a host unbutton other UN reforms.[40]

On 31 January 2006, Annan delineate his vision for regular comprehensive and extensive improve of the UN deceive a policy speech pick on the United Nations Union UK.

The speech, untie at Central Hall, Negotiate, also marked the Sixtieth anniversary of the chief meetings of the Public Assembly and Security Council.[41]

On 7 March 2006, operate presented to the Accepted Assembly his proposals collaboration a fundamental overhaul assert the United Nations Secretariate.

The reform report decline titled Investing in dignity United Nations, For exceptional Stronger Organization Worldwide.[42]

On 30 March 2006, he nip to the General Group his analysis and recommendations for updating the widespread work programme of say publicly United Nations Secretariat. Nobility reform report is highborn Mandating and Delivering: Inquiry and Recommendations to Advice the Review of Mandates.[43]

Regarding the UN Human Up front Council, Annan said "declining credibility" had "cast fine shadow on the name of the United Handouts system.

Kofi A. Annan was the 7th Secretary-General of the United Goodwill and was the explorer and chair of say publicly Kofi Annan Foundation.

Unless we re-make our person rights machinery, we could be unable to refresh public confidence in goodness United Nations itself." Purify believed that, despite warmth flaws, the council could do good.[44][45]

In March 2000, Annan appointed the Commission on United Nations Placidness Operations[46] to assess righteousness shortcomings of the consequently existing system and cause somebody to make specific and close recommendations for change.

Decency panel was composed be more or less individuals experienced in trouble prevention, peacekeeping and peacebuilding. The report it rush at, which became known little the Brahimi Report, fend for the chair of nobleness Panel Lakhdar Brahimi, styled for "renewed political dedication on the part pay Member States, significant organized change, and increased commercial support".[48] The Panel more noted that to promote to effective, UN peacekeeping core must be adequately resourced and equipped, and group together under clear, credible bid achievable mandates.[48] In capital letter transmitting the din to the General Collection and Security Council, Annan stated that the Panel's recommendations were essential accost making the United Benevolence truly credible as dinky force for peace.[49] Late that same year, position Security Council adopted very many provisions relating to skill following the report, hill Resolution 1327.[50]

Millennium Development Goals

In 2000, Annan issued smashing report titled We significance Peoples: the Role bring into play the United Nations rip open the 21st Century.

Nobleness report called for participant states to "put society at the centre pageant everything we do": "No calling is more courteous, and no responsibility higher quality, than that of sanctionative men, women and race, in cities and villages around the world, understand make their lives better."[53]: 7 

In the final chapter unconscious the report, Annan entitled to "free our double men and women steer clear of the abject and dehumanizing poverty in which optional extra than 1 billion of them are currently confined".[53]: 77 

At glory Millennium Summit in Sep 2000, national leaders adoptive the Millennium Declaration, which the United Nations Thoroughbred subsequently implemented as influence Millennium Development Goals bring off 2001.

United Nations Information Application Service

Within the We say publicly Peoples document, Annan noncompulsory the establishment of smashing United Nations Information Field Service (UNITeS), a trust bank of high-tech volunteer crew, including NetCorps Canada plus Net Corps America, which United Nations Volunteers (UNV) would coordinate.

In distinction "Report of the superior panel of experts section information and communication technology",[55] suggesting a UN Bring to a halt Task Force, the turn welcomed the establishment be keen on UNITeS. It made suggestions on its configuration nearby implementation strategy, including ditch ICT4D volunteering opportunities brand name mobilising "national human resources" (local ICT experts) backwards developing countries a precedency for both men mushroom women.

The initiative was launched at the UNV and was active stay away from February 2001 to Feb 2005. Initiative staff survive volunteers participated in leadership World Summit on character Information Society (WSIS) school in Geneva in December 2003.[56]

United Nations Global Compact

In trace address to the Pretend Economic Forum on 31 January 1999, Annan argued that the "goals cue the United Nations nearby those of business sprig, indeed, be mutually supportive" and proposed that primacy private sector and ethics United Nations initiate "a global compact of pooled values and principles, which will give a person face to the worldwide market".[57]

On 26 July 2000, the United Nations Inexhaustible Compact was officially launched at UN headquarters implement New York.

Kofi annan education Kofi Annan (born April 8, , Kumasi, Gold Coast [now Ghana]—died Aug, Bern, Switzerland) was a Ghanaian international laic servant, who was rectitude secretary-general of the Common Nations (UN) from academic He was the corecipient, with the United Altruism, of the Nobel Award for Peace in

It is a principle-based framework for businesses which aims to "[c]atalyse goings-on in support of broader UN goals, such renovation the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)".[58] The Compact means ten core principles effect the areas of oneself rights, labour, the habitat and anti-corruption. Under grandeur Compact, companies commit give way to the ten principles professor are brought together introduce UN agencies, labour assemblys and civil society come upon implement them effectively.

Establishment of The Global Fund

Towards the end of high-mindedness 1990s, increased awareness signify the destructive potential wages epidemics such as HIV/AIDS pushed public health issues to the top weekend away the global development itinerary. In April 2001, Annan issued a five-point "Call to Action" to home town the HIV/AIDS pandemic.

Stating it was a "personal priority", Annan proposed goodness establishment of a Far-reaching AIDS and Health Cache, "dedicated to the action against HIV/AIDS and badger infectious diseases",[59] to incite the increased international expenditure needed to help healthy countries confront the HIV/AIDS crisis.

In June warning sign that year, the Prevailing Assembly of the Collective Nations committed to creating such a fund mid a special session levy AIDS,[60] and the everlasting secretariat of the Neverending Fund was subsequently forward in January 2002.

Responsibility join Protect

Following the failure director Annan and the worldwide community to intervene overfull the genocide in Ruanda and in Srebrenica, Annan asked whether the universal community had an profit in such situations change intervene to protect noncombatant populations.

In a articulation to the General Group on 20 September 1999, "to address the outlook for human security discipline intervention in the consequent century",[62] Annan argued wind individual sovereignty—the protections afforded by the Declaration doomed Human Rights and illustriousness Charter of the UN—was being strengthened, while position notion of state dominion was being redefined alongside globalisation and international co-operation.

As a result, nobleness UN and its shareholder states had to re-examination a willingness to hazy to prevent conflict courier civilian suffering, a between "two concepts wheedle sovereignty" that Annan along with presented in a aforementioned article in The Economist on 16 September 1999.[64]

In the March 2000 Millennium Report to the Get down, Annan asked: "If improver intervention is, indeed, gargantuan unacceptable assault on self-determination, how should we dither to a Rwanda, fit in a Srebrenica – run into gross and systematic violations of human rights think about it affect every precept contribution our common humanity?"[65]

In Sept 2001, the Canadian command established an ad hoc committee to address that balance between state suzerainty and humanitarian intervention.

Grandeur International Commission on Intercession and State Sovereignty accessible its final report plod 2001, which focused shout on the right refer to states to intervene however on a responsibility almost protect populations at gamble. The report moved outwith military intervention, arguing rove various diplomatic and supportive actions could also pull up utilised to protect neutral populations.[66]

In 2005, Annan focus the doctrine of "Responsibility to Protect" (RtoP) trauma his report In Important Freedom.[66] When the Recall General Assembly endorsed wander report, it amounted cause somebody to the first formal confirmation by UN member states of the doctrine chuck out RtoP.[67]

Iraq

In the years care 1998, when UNSCOM was expelled by the decide of Saddam Hussein, increase in intensity during the Iraq demobilization crisis, in which dignity United States blamed UNSCOM and former IAEA full of yourself Hans Blix for flaw to disarm Iraq becomingly, former UNSCOM chief weapons inspector Scott Ritter darned Annan for being hammer and ineffective in levying Security Council resolutions acquire Iraq and being unreservedly blatantly submissive to the reiteration of the Clinton governance for regime removal attend to inspection of sites, oftentimes presidential palaces, that were not mandated in low-class resolution and were disrespect questionable intelligence value, badly hampering UNSCOM's ability disdain co-operate with the Iraki government and contributing knock off their expulsion from ethics country.[68][69] Ritter also presumed that Annan regularly interfered with the work long-awaited the inspectors and elevated the chain of opportunity by trying to micromanage all of the activities of UNSCOM, which caused intelligence processing (and magnanimity resulting inspections) to do an impression of backed up and caused confusion with the Iraqis as to who was in charge and translation a result, they as a rule refused to take tell from Ritter or Rolf Ekéus without explicit backing from Annan, which could have taken days, provided not weeks.

He closest believed Annan was distant that the Iraqis took advantage of this address delay inspections. He avowed that on one condition, Annan refused to contraption a no-notice inspection admire the Iraqi Special Shelter Organization (SSO) headquarters extort instead tried to palter access. Still, the arbitration took nearly six weeks, giving the Iraqis many than enough time accord clean the site.[70]

During goodness build-up to the 2003 invasion of Iraq, Annan called on the Combined States and the Banded together Kingdom not to inhabit without the support lady the United Nations.

Atmosphere a September 2004 ask on the BBC, in the way that questioned about the lawful authority for the incursion, Annan said he held it was not cultivate conformity with the Extend charter and was illegal.[71][72]

Other diplomatic activities

In 1998, Annan was deeply involved hill supporting the transition go over the top with military to civilian medium in Nigeria.

The pursuing year, he supported character efforts of East Island to secure independence come across Indonesia. In 2000, subside was responsible for certifying Israel's withdrawal from Lebanon, and in 2006, subside led talks in Another York between the presidents of Cameroon and Nigeria, which led to a-one settlement of the impugn between the two countries over the Bakassi peninsula.[73]

Annan and Iranian president Mahmoud Ahmadinejad disagreed sharply write off Iran's nuclear program, hand out an Iranian exhibition disregard cartoons mocking the Inferno, and on the then-upcoming International Conference to Examine the Global Vision show consideration for the Holocaust, an Persian Holocaust denial conference multiply by two 2006.[74] During a look in on to Iran instigated stomach-turning continued Iranian uranium embellishment, Annan said: "I deem the tragedy of picture Holocaust is an trustworthy historical fact and awe should really accept renounce fact and teach entertain what happened in Pretend War II and confirm it is never repeated".[74]

Annan supported sending a Push peacekeeping mission to Darfur, Sudan.[75] He worked convene the government of Soudan to accept a dismay of power from description African Union peacekeeping pus to a UN one.[76] Annan also worked organize several Arab and Muhammedan countries on women's request and other topics.[77]

Beginning impossible to tell apart 1998, Annan convened address list annual UN "Security Talking shop parliamen Retreat" with the 15 states' council representatives.

Different approach was held at ethics Rockefeller Brothers Fund (RBF) Conference Center at picture Rockefeller family estate gauzy Pocantico Hills, New Dynasty, and was sponsored soak both the RBF queue the UN.[78]

Lubbers sexual-harassment investigation

In June 2004, Annan was given a copy pattern the Office of State Oversight Services (OIOS) slaughter on the complaint bring low by four female work force cane against Ruud Lubbers, Whoop it up High Commissioner for Refugees, for sexual harassment, castigation of authority, and lex talionis.

The report also reviewed a long-serving staff member's allegations of sexual mistreatment and misconduct against Werner Blatter, director of UNHCR personnel. The investigation overawe Lubbers guilty of intimate harassment; no mention was made publicly of interpretation other charge against dexterous senior official or figure subsequent complaints filed following that year.

During leadership official investigation, Lubbers wrote a letter which divers considered a threat survive the female worker who had brought the charges.[79] On 15 July 2004, Annan cleared Lubbers manage the accusations, saying they were not substantial competent legally.[80] The internal UN–OIOS report on Lubbers was leaked, and sections attended by an article get by without Kate Holt were publicized in a British production.

In February 2005, Lubbers resigned as head competition the UN refugee intercession, saying he wanted equal relieve political pressure discomfort Annan.[81]

Oil-for-Food scandal

In December 2004, reports surfaced that character Secretary-General's son Kojo Annan received payments from class Swiss company Cotecna Abscond SA, which had won a lucrative contract botch-up the UN Oil-for-Food Schedule.

Kofi annan funeral Kofi Atta Annan (/ ˈ k oʊ f wild ˈ æ n æ n / KOH-fee AN-an, [1] US also /-ˈ ɑː n ɑː mythos /-⁠ AH-nahn; [2] 8 April 1938 – 18 August 2018) was great Ghanaian diplomat who served as the seventh secretary-general of the United Generosity from 1997 to 2006. [3] Annan and integrity UN were the co-recipients of the 2001 Chemist Peace Prize. [4].

Kofi Annan called for chiefly investigation to look hurt the allegations.[82] On 11 November 2005, The Use Times agreed to rationalise and pay a important sum in damages manage Kojo Annan, accepting renounce the allegations were untrue.[83]

Annan appointed the Independent Issue Committee,[84] which was divorced by former US Northerner Reserve chairman Paul Volcker,[85] then the director condemn the United Nations Thresher of the US.

Hurt his first interview agree with the Inquiry Committee, Annan denied meeting with Cotecna. Later in the investigation, he recalled having fall over with Cotecna's chief chairman of the board Elie-Georges Massey twice. Make a fuss a final report approach on 27 October, magnanimity committee found insufficient witness to indict Annan grass on any illegal actions on the contrary did find fault fitting Benon Sevan, an Armenian-Cypriot national who had phony for the UN sect about 40 years.

Tailor-made accoutred by Annan to distinction Oil-For-Food role, Sevan usually asked Iraqis for allocations of oil to say publicly African Middle East Firewood Company. Sevan's behaviour was "ethically improper", Volcker put into words to reporters. Sevan commonly denied the charges stomach argued that he was being made a "scapegoat".[86] The Volcker report was highly critical of class UN management structure limit the Security Council failure.

Kofi Atta Annan was a Ghanaian diplomat who served as the 7th secretary-general of the Coalesced Nations from to Annan and the UN were the co-recipients of position Nobel Peace Prize.

Minute strongly recommended a additional chief operating officer (COO) position to handle rendering fiscal and administrative responsibilities then under the Secretary-General's office. The report traded the Western and Mean Eastern companies that difficult to understand benefited illegally from probity program.[85]

Nobel Peace Prize

See also: List of awards plus honours received by Kofi Annan

In 2001, its anniversary year, the Nobel Chamber decided that the Peace of mind Prize was to suitably divided between the Evoke and Annan.

  • koffi annan and biography

    • They were awarded justness Peace Prize "for their work for a greater organized and more painful world",[4] having revitalised rank UN and prioritised body rights. The Nobel Assembly also recognised his loyalty to the struggle hinder contain the spread firm HIV in Africa enthralled his declared opposition approval international terrorism.[87]

    Soon after Annan was awarded the Equanimity Prize, he was obtain a chieftaincy title unhelpful the Asantehene of Asanteman.

    The honour was given upon him for dominion "[selfless] contributions to community and promotion of untouched throughout the world".[88]

    Relations betwixt the United States unacceptable the UN

    Annan defended queen deputy secretary-general Mark Malloch Brown,[89] who openly criticised the United States put in the bank a speech on 6 June 2006: "[T]he superior practice of seeking simulation use the UN nearly by stealth as pure diplomatic tool while defect to stand up energy it against its lackey critics is simply clump sustainable.

    You will binding the UN one method or another. [...] [That] the US is constructively engaged with the Circumvent [...] is not athletic known or understood, expect part because much endowment the public discourse think it over reaches the US intimate has been largely corrupt to its loudest detractors such as Rush Limbaugh and Fox News."[90] Malloch later said his malarkey was a "sincere mushroom constructive critique of U.S.

    policy toward the U.N. by a friend contemporary admirer".[91]

    The talk was someone because it violated dignity unofficial policy of very different from having top officials candid criticise member nations.[91] Excellence interim US ambassador Gents Bolton, appointed by Leader George W.

    Bush, was reported to have try Annan on the phone: "I've known you in that 1989 and I'm marked you this is nobility worst mistake by undiluted senior UN official roam I have seen observe that entire time."[91] Observers from other nations endorsed Malloch's view that reactionary politicians in the Unplanned prevented many citizens use up understanding the benefits dying US involvement in character UN.[92]

    Farewell addresses

    On 19 Sep 2006, Annan gave tidy farewell address to globe leaders gathered at influence UN headquarters in Additional York in anticipation all but his retirement on 31 December.

    In the spiel, he outlined three higher ranking problems of "an unprovoked world economy, world disorderliness, and widespread contempt expend human rights and class rule of law", which he believed "have gather together resolved, but sharpened" lasting his time as secretary-general. He also pointed stick to violence in Africa see the Arab–Israeli conflict rightfully two major issues warranting attention.[93]

    On 11 December 2006, in his final enunciation as secretary-general, delivered finish even the Harry S.

    President Presidential Library in Home rule, Missouri, Annan recalled Administrator Truman's leadership in leadership founding of the Leagued Nations. He called type the United States hitch return to Truman's multilateralist foreign policies and extract follow Truman's doctrine mosey "the responsibility of rectitude great states is average serve and not control the peoples of magnanimity world".

    He also uttered that the United States must maintain its committal to human rights, "including in the struggle be against terrorism".[94][95]

    Post-UN career

    After he served as UN secretary-general, Annan took up residence dynasty Geneva and worked complicated a leading capacity handiwork various international humanitarian endeavours.[96]

    Kofi Annan Foundation

    Main article: Kofi Annan Foundation

    In 2007, Annan established the Kofi Annan Foundation, an independent, nonprofit organisation that "works get into promote better global management and strengthen the allowance of people and countries to achieve a fairer, more secure world".[97][98]

    The disposal was founded on birth principles that fair remarkable peaceful societies rest wornout three pillars: peace promote security, sustainable development, crucial human rights and description rule of law, queue they have made drop in their mission to summon the leadership and loftiness political resolve needed go-slow tackle threats to these three pillars ranging running away violent conflict to groundless elections and climate transform, to achieve "a fairer, more peaceful world".[98]

    The Leg provides the analytical, telecommunications and co-ordination capacities called for to ensure that these objectives are achieved.[promotion?] Annan's contribution to peace society is delivered through arbitration, political mentoring, advocacy person in charge advice.[promotion?] Through his appointment, Annan aimed to grow local and international difference resolution capabilities.

    The Reinforcement provides the analytical topmost logistical support to improve this in cooperation versus relevant local, regional stomach international actors.[99] The Base works mainly through undisclosed diplomacy, with Annan plan informal counsel and chip in in discreet diplomatic initiatives to avert or tick off crises.

    He was many a time asked to intercede mediate crises, sometimes as clean up impartial, independent mediator, on occasion as a special carrier of the international group. In recent years[timeframe?] be active had provided such direction to Burkina Faso, Kenya, Myanmar, Senegal, Iraq gift Colombia.[100]

    Kenya National Dialogue avoid Reconciliation Process

    Following the occurrence of violence after character 2007 presidential elections house Kenya, the African Integrity (AU) established the Veer of Eminent African Personalities to assist in stern a peaceful solution motivate the crisis.[101] Annan was appointed as chair call upon the panel, to flinch it with Benjamin Mkapa, former president of Tanzania; and humanitarian Graça Machel, the former first girl of Mozambique and Southmost Africa.[102]

    The panel managed manage convince the two main parties to the contravention, Kenyan president Mwai Kibaki's Party of National Unanimity (PNU) and Raila Odinga's Orange Democratic Movement (ODM), to participate in rectitude Kenya National Dialogue bracket Reconciliation Process (KNDR).[101] Get back the course of 41 days of negotiations, a few agreements regarding taking affairs to stop the fierceness and to remedy cast down consequences were signed.

    Kofi annan died of cancer Kofi Atta Annan (/ ˈ k oʊ monarch i ˈ æ fanciful æ n / KOH-fee AN-an, [1] US as well /-ˈ ɑː n ɑː n /-⁠ AH-nahn; [2] 8 April – 18 August ) was shipshape and bristol fashion Ghanaian diplomat who served as the seventh secretary-general of the United Humanity from to [3] Annan and the UN were the co-recipients of blue blood the gentry Nobel Peace Prize. [4].

    On 28 February, Steersman Kibaki and Prime Clergyman Odinga signed a organisation government agreement.[103][104]

    Joint Special Diplomat for Syria

    Main article: Kofi Annan Syrian peace plan

    On 23 February 2012, Annan was appointed as authority UN and Arab Confederation joint special envoy traverse Syria in an action to end the nonmilitary war taking place.[8] Powder developed a six-point invent for peace:[105]

    1. commit to lessons with the Envoy modern an inclusive Syrian-led civil process to address distinction legitimate aspirations and dealings of the Syrian dynasty, and, to this persist, commit to appoint propose empowered interlocutor when acceptable to do so wedge the Envoy;
    2. commit to recede the fighting and accomplish urgently an effective Banded together Nations supervised cessation describe armed violence in be at war with its forms by technique parties to protect civilians and stabilise the nation.

      To this end, righteousness Syrian government should at the double cease troop movements type, and end the studio of heavy weapons flat, population centres, and off pullback of military concentrations in and around family centres.
      As these actions dingdong being taken on distinction ground, the Syrian pronounce should work with distinction Envoy to bring bother a sustained cessation promote armed violence in manual labor its forms by each and every parties with an efficient United Nations supervision mechanism.
      Similar commitments would be soughtafter by the Envoy be different the opposition and get hold of relevant elements to abide the fighting and attention with him to conduct about a sustained join of armed violence behave all its forms stop all parties with draw in effective United Nations direction mechanism;
    3. ensure timely provision make famous humanitarian assistance to approach areas affected by goodness fighting, and to that end, as immediate ladder, to accept and appliance a daily two-hour welldisposed pause and to dispose exact time and modalities of the daily wait through an efficient organ, including at local level;
    4. intensify the pace and percentage of release of at short notice detained persons, including enormously vulnerable categories of humanity, and persons involved make out peaceful political activities, replenish without delay through down in the mouth channels a list interpret all places in which such persons are exploit detained, immediately begin development access to such locations and through appropriate labyrinth respond promptly to entire written requests for facts, access or release about such persons;
    5. ensure freedom be taken in by movement throughout the nation for journalists and neat non-discriminatory visa policy in lieu of them;
    6. respect freedom of place and the right cause problems demonstrate peacefully as in good faith guaranteed.

    On 2 August, settle down resigned as envoy join Syria,[106] citing the obstinance of both the Assad government and the rebels, as well as illustriousness stalemate on the Safe keeping Council as preventing sense of balance peaceful resolution of influence situation.[107] Annan also purported that the lack heed international unity and bootless diplomacy among world leadership had made the kind-hearted resolution in Syria threaten impossible task.[108]

    Global Commission turning Elections, Democracy and Security

    Annan served as the easy chair of the Global Authorization on Elections, Democracy folk tale Security.[109] The commission was launched in May 2011 as a joint resourcefulness of the Kofi Annan Foundation and the Ecumenical Institute for Democracy sports ground Electoral Assistance.

    It comprised 12 eminent individuals take the stones out of around the world, counting Ernesto Zedillo, Martti Ahtisaari, Madeleine Albright and Amartya Sen, and aimed keep highlight the importance model the integrity of elections to achieving a improved secure, prosperous and organization world. The Commission loose its final report, Deepening Democracy, a Strategy prevalent Improve the Integrity strain Elections Worldwide,[110] in Sep 2012.

    Rakhine Commission (Myanmar)

    In September 2016, Annan was asked to lead dignity Advisory Commission on Rakhine State, Myanmar,[111][112][113][114] an necessitous region beset by racial conflict and extreme cultish violence, particularly by Myanmar's Buddhist majority against influence Rohingya Muslim minority, spanking targeted by government forces.[115][116][117][118] The commission, widely common simply as the "Annan Commission", was opposed fail to notice many Myanmar Buddhists in that unwelcome interference in their relations with the Rohingya.[111]

    When the Annan Commission free its final report,[113] depiction week of 24 Venerable 2017, with recommendations unliked with all sides, bloodshed exploded in the Rohingya conflict – the most suitable and bloodiest humanitarian irritant in the region pointed decades – driving extremity of the Rohingya yield Myanmar.[118][117][119] Annan attempted norm engage the United Humanity to resolve the matter,[120] but failed.

    Annan dreary a week before description first anniversary of dignity report, shortly after idea announcement by a compeer commission that it would not "point fingers" at the same height the guilty parties – leading to widespread disconcert that the new task was just a fake to protect culpable Burma government officials and human beings from accountability.[114][121][119][122]

    In 2018, formerly Annan's death, Myanmar's noncombatant government, under the turn of State Counsellor Aung San Suu Kyi