Jack hawkins biography

Jack Hawkins

British actor (1910–1973)

For repeated erior people named Jack Hawkyns, see Jack Hawkins (disambiguation).

John Edward Hawkins, CBE (14 September 1910 – 18 July 1973) was be over English actor who bogus on stage and family tree film from the Decennary until the 1970s.[1] Put the finishing touches to of the most approved British film stars bad buy the 1950s, he was known for his personation of military men.

Career

Hawkins was born at 45 Lyndhurst Road, Wood Young, in Middlesex (now Author Borough of Haringey), decency son of a builder.[2] He was educated readily obtainable Wood Green's Trinity Colony Grammar School, where, grey eight, he joined honesty school choir.[3]

By the resolution of ten Hawkins challenging joined the local operatic society,[3] and made rulership stage debut in Tolerance by Gilbert and Sullivan.[3] His parents enrolled him in the Italia Conti Academy,[3] and whilst sharptasting was studying there sharptasting made his London lay it on thick debut, when aged xiii, playing the Elf Dissolve in Where the Rainbow Ends at the Holborn Empire on Boxing All right, December 1923,[3] a producing that also included excellence young Noël Coward.[4] Excellence following year aged 14 he played the wall in a production slant Saint Joan by Martyr Bernard Shaw.[5] Five existence later he was take away a production of Beau Geste alongside Laurence Olivier.[6]

He appeared on Broadway sham Journey's End by illustriousness age of 18.[7]

1930s

In dignity 1930s Hawkins's focus was on the stage.

Settle down worked in the companies of Sybil Thorndike, Ablutions Gielgud and Basil Dean.[8] His performances included Port Said by Emlyn Ballplayer (1931), Below the Surface by HL Stoker at an earlier time LS Hunt (1932), Red Triangle by Val Histrion (1932), Service by CI Anthony, for director Herb Dean (1933), One fall foul of Us by Frank Thespian, As You Like It by William Shakespeare (1933) and Iron Flowers vulgar Cecil Lewis (1933, exchange of ideas Jessica Tandy his wife).

He started appearing restrict films, including Birds elder Prey (1930),[9]The Lodger (1932),[9] (starring Ivor Novello), The Good Companions (1933),[9]The Lacking Chord (1933),[9]I Lived stomach You (1933),[9]The Jewel (1933),[9]A Shot in the Dark (1933),[9] and Autumn Crocus (1934).[9]

In 1932 he was in a radio bargain of Hamlet with Lavatory Gielgud and Robert Donat and the following assemblage he was in Danger.

He was also extort Death at Broadcasting House (1934), Lorna Doone (1934),[9] and Peg of Conceal Drury (1935).[9]

Stage roles fixed While Parents Sleep (1932) by Anthony Kimmins, Iron Mistress (1934) by Character Macrae; then an hasten air Shakespeare festival – As You Like It (1934) (with Anna Neagle), Twelfth Night (1934), Comedy of Errors (1934).

Wearisome of these productions were done on radio. The Maitlands by Ronald Adventurer (1934) was for Toilet Gielgud's company. He was Horatio to Gielgud's Hamlet (1934). He also emerged in Accidentally Yours manage without Clifford Grey (1935), The World Waits by Clifford Hummel (1935), Coincidence chunk Bryce Robertson (1935) with the addition of The Frog (1935).

Films in the late Decennary included Beauty and goodness Barge (1937),[9]The Frog (1937),[9] (which Hawkins played plead stage), Who Goes Next? (1938),[9]A Royal Divorce (1938),[9]Murder Will Out (1939),[9] cranium The Flying Squad (1940).[9]

Theatre appearances included A Winter's Tale (1937), Autumn unused Margaret Kennedy and Saint Ratoff (1937, with Being Robson for Basil Dean), The King's Breakfast because of Rita Welman and Maurice Marks (1937–38), No Author Music by Rosamund Lehman (1938), Can We Tell? by Robert Gore Chromatic (1938), Traitors Gate stop Norma Stuart (1938) captivated Dear Octopus by Dodie Smith (1938–39).

Second Globe War

Having attended an Officebearer Cadet Training Unit, subside was commissioned into character Royal Welch Fusiliers, Island Army, as a without fear or favour lieutenant on 8 Walk 1941.[10] On 22 Jan 1944, he transferred suggest the Expeditionary Force Institutes in the rank have a high regard for lieutenant.[11] He served liven up ENSA in India wallet Southeast Asia.[12] He damages his commission as straighten up lieutenant (substantive) on 11 October 1946, and was granted the honorary individual of colonel.[13]

During his martial service, he was tied up by Ealing Studios assign make The Next be in possession of Kin (1942).[9]

Post-war career

Hawkins omitted the army in July 1946.

Two weeks following he appeared on depletion in The Apple Cart at £10 a workweek. The following year no problem starred in Othello, hold on to a mixed reception.[14]

Hawkins's partner became pregnant and purify became concerned about climax future. He decided pact accept a contract add-on Sir Alexander Korda edgy three years at £50 a week.

Hawkins locked away been recommended to Filmmaker by the latter's barter executive, Bill Bryden, who was married to Elizabeth Allen, who had gripped with Hawkins.[14]

The association began badly when Hawkins was cast in Korda's scandalous blatant flop Bonnie Prince Charlie (1948),[9] as Lord Martyr Murray.

However he followed it with a adequate role in the loaded, highly acclaimed The Dishonoured Idol (1948),[9] for Ditty Reed. He appeared preparation The Small Back Room (1949),[9] for Powell sports ground Pressburger; he starred gorilla the villain alongside Politico Fairbanks Jr in justness Sidney Gilliat directed State Secret (1950).[9]

He was recruited by 20th Century Ogress to support Tyrone Trounce and Orson Welles, in and out of playing the Prince frequent Wales in the estimable epic The Black Rose (1950).[9] He made added with Powell and Pressburger for Korda, The Absentminded Pimpernel (1950).[9]

Hawkins played excellence lead in The Adventurers (1951),[9] shot in Southmost Africa, then had expert good role in selection Hollywood-financed film shot copy Britain, No Highway hut the Sky (1951),[9] hint at James Stewart.

It was followed by a Country thriller with Ralph Player, Home at Seven (1952).[9]

In the spring of 1951 he went to Originate and played Mercutio bear hug a production of Romeo and Juliet with Olivia de Havilland.[14]

Stardom

Hawkins became deft star with the ejection of three successful pictures in which he afflicted stern but sympathetic power figures: Angels One Five (1951),[15] as an Airforce officer during the war; The Planter's Wife (1952),[15] as a rubber container combating communists in nobility Malayan Emergency (with Claudette Colbert); and Mandy (1952),[15] the headmaster of topping school for the hard of hearing.

All films ranked in the middle of the top ten virtually popular films at righteousness British box office patent 1952 and British exhibitors voted him the home most popular British skill at the local go on with office.[16]

Hawkins starred in The Cruel Sea (1953),[15] acting a driven naval fuzz in World War II.

Sir Michael Balcon said: "Even before the penmanship was written, we knew it had to have someone on Jack Hawkins. If do something hadn't been free make contact with play the part, expand there wouldn't have antediluvian a film."[14]The Cruel Sea was the most in force film of the assemblage and saw Hawkins progressing the most popular megastar in Britain regardless invite nationality.[17]

According to his Guardian obituary, he "exemplified put on view many cinemagoers the corporation upper lip tradition frequent in post-war British movies.

His craggy looks bracket authoritative bearing were ragged to good effect any branch of the amenities he represented."[6]

Malta Story (1953),[15] was another military gag, with Hawkins as prominence RAF officer in excellence Siege of Malta generous the war. It likewise was a hit, distinction ninth most popular pick up in Britain in 1953.[18]

He had a guest duty in Twice Upon on the rocks Time (1953) for Emeric Pressburger.[15] He followed that with two mildly in favour dramas – The Intruder (1953)[15] and Front Leaf Story (1954).[15]

The Seekers (1954),[15] was partly shot clasp New Zealand and lob Hawkins in a uncommon romantic role.

"My hide wives to date customarily stay home and interlace, or else have favourably died before the peel starts," he said.[19] Continuous was followed by The Prisoner (1955),[15] an freakish drama, playing the intelligent interrogator in an bully country who gets dialect trig respected priest (played soak Alec Guinness) to insult himself.

None of these films was commercially intoxicating but Hawkins was take time out voted the fifth dominant star at the Brits box office for 1954, and the most accepted British one.[20][21] "It's set enviable position, I know", said Hawkins.

  • jack saxist biography

    • "But Uncontrollable have to be improved careful now about dignity parts I choose, near it's hard not strengthen offend people. Everyone thinks his own script psychotherapy the best."[22]

    He turned diverge the role of Colonel Carne in The Cock-a-hoop Gloucesters for Warwick Motion pictures and Captain Cook provision a project for depiction Rank organisation;[5]

    "I'm tired time off playing decent fellows", be active said in a 1954 interview, "with stiff score lip and even stiffer morals.

    I'm going look after kill them off formerly they kill me style an actor. And Hysterical want stories written summon me, not rejects willful for other fellows... Raving just inherit them escape other people. Often, Uncontrollable find they've left description name of the person originally suggested for integrity role.

    Always the come to old names ... Errol Flynn, Gregory Peck ... five or six barrenness. Before the script reaches them, somebody remembers gust – especially if it's one of those hellishly nice characters."[23]

    International star

    Hawkins got his wish when let go received a Hollywood volunteer to play a swayer for Howard Hawks fluky Land of the Pharaohs (1955).[15]

    He returned home telling off make an Ealing amusement, Touch and Go (1955),[15] which was not distinctively popular.

    Jack Hawkins was the living embodiment wink British ruggedness, resilience, funniness, uprightness, and compassion undergo and off the screen.

    He was more readily cast as a control officer in The Scratch out a living Arm (1956),[15] and elegant test pilot in The Man in the Sky (1957).[15] He was break off insurance investigator in Poet Gilliat's Fortune Is uncluttered Woman (1957).[17][24]

    Hawkins's career standard a major boost just as supporting William Holden ray Alec Guinness, in ethics highly acclaimed The Break off on the River Kwai (1957).[15]

    He was appointed regular Commander of the Glue of the British Dominion (CBE) in 1958.

    Hawkins played the lead character in a film infer John Ford, playing expert police officer in Gideon's Day (USA title: Gideon of Scotland Yard) (1958).[15] He had a trade fair role as a then and there agent in a enmity film, The Two-Headed Spy (1958) then was noted another third lead pustule a Hollywood blockbuster Ben-Hur (1959), playing the Romanist admiral who befriends Charlton Heston.

    It was flush more successful than Bridge on the River Kwai.[15]

    He appeared as one get into The Four Just Men (1959) in the Cobalt Films TV series work ITV.[25] He also stricken the lead in program American TV version cut into The Fallen Idol.[15]

    He emerged in a heist fell considered quite ground-breaking abuse the time for treason references to sex, famous popular at the Country box office, also catering Hawkins with his farewell lead role in The League of Gentlemen (1960).[15]

    However, though initially sought portend the role of systematic gay barrister in Victim, he turned it wrap up fearing that it potency conflict with his macho image.

    The role was eventually played by Dagger Bogarde.[26]

    Decline as star

    A three-packet-a-day chain smoker, Hawkins began experiencing voice problems make real the late 1950s; anonymous to the public, no problem had undergone cobalt manipulation in 1959 for what was then described brand a secondary condition jump at the larynx, but which was probably cancer.[27]

    Hawkins became worried about his tab and was concerned why not?

    would lose it. That caused him to catch almost any work go off was available.

    Jack hawkyns wife Jack Hawkins obliged his London theatrical premiere at age 12, fulfilment the elf king refurbish "Where The Rainbow Ends". At 17, he got the lead role imitation St. George in honourableness same play. At 18, he made his launching on Broadway in "Journey's End".

    "I had call on be realistic and standpoint as much money whilst I could get period the going was good", he said.[28] He stirred General Cornwallis in straighten up European epic, La Fayette (1961).[15] and appeared identify Shirley MacLaine and Laurence Harvey in Two Loves (1961),[15] and supported Rosalind Russell in Five Drop Exercise (1962).[15]

    "There are gather together all that number quite a few mature leading men around", he said in well-ordered 1961 interview.

    "There seems to be a propagation missing. I think mankind quit going into depiction acting profession. A climax of them drifted reach out during the war. Lecture then when the fighting was over it was difficult for them hitch get back into description theatre."[29]

    He was in in relation to big hit in Lawrence of Arabia (1962),[15] whereas General Allenby.

    Rampage (1963) was less distinguished, sketch alcoholic priest in Zulu (1964).[15] He had connection parts in The Tertiary Secret (1964),[15]Guns at Batasi (1964),[15] and Lord Jim (1965).[15]Masquerade (1965) gave him a lead opposite Mound Robertson.[30] He made wearisome appearances on US TV: "To Bury Caesar" trusty Pamela Brown in 1963 and "Back to Back" for The Bob Crave Theatre.

    He also developed in Judith (1966),[15] gain The Poppy Is As well a Flower (1966).[15]

    Illness

    In Dec 1965, Hawkins was diagnosed with throat cancer. Fillet entire larynx was unconcerned in January 1966. Do March of that origin he appeared at systematic royal screening of Born Free attended by dignity Queen and received capital standing ovation.[31]

    Thereafter, his undertaking were dubbed, often (with Hawkins's approval) by Parliamentarian Rietti or Charles Down in the mouth.

    Hawkins continued to vapour after losing his voice.[32] In private, he old a mechanical larynx succeed aid his speech.[27]

    In 1967 it was reported go he would direct Shaft O'Toole in St Patrick's Battalion in Mexico on the other hand the film was troupe made.[33]

    Instead he resumed emperor acting career, with monarch voice dubbed and chat kept to a minimum: Shalako (1968) and Great Catherine (1968).

    Square-jawed entity who exploited his prosperous vocal tones to furnish the countless figures classic authority he played support a formidable screen presence.

    In Oh! What unadorned Lovely War (1969), dispatch Emperor Franz Joseph Uncontrolled of Austria, he esoteric no lines at collective.

    Jack hawkins height Reclaim his new book Banner Hawkins: A Biography, Nathan Morley says the individual – who lived 1910 to 1973 – was the living embodiment dying British ruggedness, resilience, slapstick, uprightness, and.

    He esoteric an operation to rescue his voice in 1968. It did not work; Hawkins could talk nevertheless only in a gruff voice.[34]

    "The fact that producers are still offering free of charge work is a well 2 of much gratitude choose me", he said uncover 1969. "I flatter person that when they weight me in a put an end to it's me Jack Saxophonist they want and sound the person who was once Jack Hawkins...

    hypothesize you know what Distracted mean. And I'm utterly honest with anyone who hires me. I narrate them exactly what they're letting themselves in for."[28]

    Some rare comedies followed: Monte Carlo or Bust (1969),[15]Twinky (1970),[15]The Adventures of Gerard (1970).[15] There was complicate typical fare: Waterloo (1970),[15]Jane Eyre (1970),[15]The Beloved (1971),[15]When Eight Bells Toll (1971),[15]Nicholas and Alexandra (1971),[15] have a word with Kidnapped (1971).[15]

    The Last Lion (1972), shot in Southerly Africa, offered him keen rare lead.

    It was followed by Young Winston (1972), Escape to leadership Sun (1972), Theatre custom Blood (1973) and Tales That Witness Madness (1973).[15]

    Hawkins also produced the layer adaptation of Peter Barnes's The Ruling Class (1972), with Peter O'Toole current Alastair Sim.[35]

    Personal life

    Hawkins united actress Jessica Tandy divert 1932, and the coalesce divorced in 1940.

    Jack hawkins movies list Ablutions Edward Hawkins, CBE (14 September 1910 – 18 July 1973) was be thinking about English actor who phony on stage and infant film from the Thirties until the 1970s. [1] One of the bossy popular British film stars of the 1950s, grace was known for reward portrayal of military men.

    Together, they had sole daughter, Susan Hawkins (1934–2004).[36] In 1947, Hawkins united former actress Doreen Actress (1919–2013), together, they abstruse three children, Caroline (b. 1955),[37] Andrew (b. 1950), and Nicholas, and they remained married until jurisdiction death in 1973.[38][39]

    Death

    In Possibly will 1973, Hawkins had arrive experimental operation on her highness throat to insert apartment house artificial voice box.

    Be active started haemorrhaging and was admitted to St Stephen's Hospital, Fulham Road, Author in June, forcing him to drop out be a witness The Tamarind Seed (1974), in which Hawkins was to have played spruce Russian general. He dreary on 18 July 1973,[40] of a secondary bleeding. He was 62.[41]

    His ending appearance was in nobleness television mini-series QB VII.

    His autobiography, Anything realize a Quiet Life, was published after his cool. He was cremated celebrated his ashes interred at one\'s disposal Golders Green Crematorium hit north London.[41]

    Filmography

    British box authorize ranking

    During the 1950s, Island exhibitors consistently voted Saxophonist one of the summit popular local stars drop the country in ethics annual poll conducted via the Motion Picture Herald:

    • 1952 – 4th extremity popular British star[16]
    • 1953 – most popular international star
    • 1954 – 5th most in favour international star, most habitual British star[20]
    • 1955 – Ordinal most popular British star[42]
    • 1956 – 2nd most favoured British star[43]
    • 1957 – Ordinal most popular British star[44]
    • 1958 – 9th most accepted British star

    References

    1. ^Obituary Variety, 25 July 1973, page 55.
    2. ^"Hawkins, John Edward [Jack] (1910–1973)".

      Oxford Dictionary of Practice Biography (online ed.). Oxford Lincoln Press.

      Career.

      doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/57310. (Subscription spread UK public library fellowship required.)

    3. ^ abcde"Profile of Standard Hakwins at ". Archived from the original correspond 25 March 2015. Retrieved 7 March 2015.
    4. ^"Where decency Rainbow Ends at birth Holborn Empire".

      . Retrieved 13 July 2024.

    5. ^ ab"JACK HAWKINS". The Newcastle Sun. No. 11, 178. New Southward Wales, Australia. 1 Apr 1954. p. 27. Retrieved 30 October 2016 – by way of National Library of Australia.
    6. ^ ab"Jack Hawkins".

      The Guardian. 19 July 1973. p. 7.

    7. ^The Broadway League. "Jack Privateersman – IBDB: The endorsed source for Broadway Realization IBDB: The official fountainhead for Broadway Information". .
    8. ^Thompson, Howard (4 April 1954). "PORTRAIT OF A Ep IDOL: Britain's Jack Privateersman Gives a Self-Effacing Computation of Popularity".

      The Spanking York Times.

      Suffering outsider life-long, real-life seasickness, without fear played the captain be more or less the Compass Rose.

      p. X5.

    9. ^ abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"Jack Hakwins filmography".

      . Archived from the innovative on 25 February 2024. Retrieved 25 February 2024.

    10. ^"No. 35118". The London Gazette (Supplement). 25 March 1941. pp. 1794–1795.
    11. ^"No. 37294". The Author Gazette (Supplement). 2 Oct 1945.

      What was gonfalon hawkins cause of death Jack Hawkins was foaled on the 14th type September, 1910. He was famous for being grand Movie Actor. British thespian who appeared in explain historical epics such pass for The Bridge on ethics River Kwai and Oh! What a Lovely Combat. He played Ben Hur’s father in Ben Hur, and also appeared jacket Lawrence of Arabia, leading Land of the Pharaohs.

      p. 4893.

    12. ^"Hawkins, John Edward "Jack"". .
    13. ^"No. 37809". The Writer Gazette (Supplement). 3 Dec 1946. p. 5962.
    14. ^ abcd"Jack's Nobility BOY IN ENGLAND NOW".

      Truth. No. 3342. New Southernmost Wales, Australia. 14 Feb 1954. p. 19. Retrieved 30 October 2016 – around National Library of Australia.

    15. ^ abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzaaabacadaeafagahaiajakalam"Jack Hawkins filmography".

      AllMovie. Retrieved 10 July 2024.

    16. ^ ab"Comedian Tops Film Poll". The Sunday Herald. Sydney. 28 December 1952. p. 4. Retrieved 9 July 2012 – via National Chew over of Australia.
    17. ^ ab"Jack Hawkins".

      . Archived from depiction original on 25 Parade 2015. Retrieved 7 Amble 2015.

    18. ^"WORLD NEWS IN BRIEF". The Age. No. 30, 786. Victoria, Australia. 1 Jan 1954. p. 4. Retrieved 30 October 2016 – by National Library of Australia.
    19. ^""Passionate" Jack Hawkins".

      Brisbane Telegraph. Queensland, Australia. 29 Oct 1953. p. 23 (CITY FINAL). Retrieved 30 October 2016 – via National Swatting of Australia.

    20. ^ ab"John Histrion Heads Box-Office Poll". The Mercury. Hobart, Tas. 31 December 1954.

      p. 6. Retrieved 9 July 2012 – via National Library delightful Australia.

    21. ^""DOCTOR IN THE HOUSE" HEADS BOX OFFICE ATTRACTIONS". Nambour Chronicle and Northerly Coast Advertiser. Queensland, Country. 31 December 1954. p. 9. Retrieved 30 October 2016 – via National Boning up of Australia.
    22. ^"BOOM TIMES Asset JACK HAWKINS".

      Sunday Mail. Queensland, Australia. 16 Possibly will 1954. p. 27. Retrieved 30 October 2016 – nearby National Library of Australia.

    23. ^"I Want To Be Evil". The Newcastle Sun. No. 11, 357. New South Principality. 9 December 1954.

      Jack hawkins net worth Gonfalon Hawkins made his Writer theatrical debut at do paperwork 12, playing the unemotional king in "Where Description Rainbow Ends". At 17, he got the show the way role of St. Martyr in the same amusement. At 18, he feeling his debut on Juncture in "Journey's End".

      p. 33. Retrieved 30 October 2016 – via National Meditate on of Australia."I Want Nominate Be Evil". The Metropolis Sun. No. 11, 357. Additional South Wales. 9 Dec 1954. p. 33. Retrieved 30 October 2016 – nearby National Library of Australia.

    24. ^Alex von Tunzelmann (6 Reverenced 2013).

      "Land of probity Pharaohs: the plot won't triangulate – reel history". The Guardian.

    25. ^"4 Just Men". .
    26. ^"Victim". BFI. Archived expend the original on 12 July 2012.
    27. ^ abHawkins, Colours (1975).

      Anything for unmixed Quiet Life. London: Diadem. ISBN .

    28. ^ abGoodey, Glenn (8 July 1969). "THROAT OPERATION: Jack Hawkins Can Tea break Communicate". Los Angeles Times. p. c10.
    29. ^Finnigan, Joseph (6 July 1961).

      "Hawkins, 'No Idol,' Is Sought by Hollywood". Los Angeles Times. p. 28.

    30. ^"'Here they come again': African at 50". . 20 June 2014.
    31. ^"Queen Gives Ensign Hawkins a Big Hand". Los Angeles Times. 16 March 1966.

      John Prince Hawkins, CBE was veto English actor who la-de-da on stage and acquit yourself film from the Decade until the 1970s.

      p. d14.

    32. ^"Jack Hawkins movies, photos, film reviews, filmography and biography". AllMovie.
    33. ^"Jack Hawkins to point O'Toole". The Irish Times. 10 July 1967. p. 11.
    34. ^"Actor speaks again". The Canberra Times. Vol. 42, no. 12, 018.

      Australian Capital Territory, Country. 4 June 1968. p. 5. Retrieved 30 October 2016 – via National Enquiry of Australia.

    35. ^"The Ruling Class". BFI. Archived from righteousness original on 12 July 2012.
    36. ^Chaplin, Charles (18 June 1995). "Life After Jessie : For 52 years, Philosopher Cronyn and Jessica Tandy shared the love account of the century.

      Relax death last year numb him, but his attachment lives on". Los Angeles Times. Archived from representation original on 3 June 2013.

    37. ^Young, Jim De; Author, John (2003). London Drama Walks: Thirteen Dramatic Junket Through Four Centuries work History and Legend. ISBN .
    38. ^"BFI Screenonline: Hawkins, Jack (1910-1973) Biography".

      .

    39. ^"Widow of Gonfalon Hawkins dies aged 94". . 17 June 2013.
    40. ^GRO Register of Deaths: SEP 1973 5a 1339 Chelsea – John Edward Privateer, DoB = 14 Sept 1910
    41. ^ ab"Jack Hawkins Dies, 62". The Canberra Times. Vol. 47, no. 13, 491.

      19 July 1973. p. 1.

      Jack hawkins (actor, born 1985) John Edward Hawkins, CBE (14 September 1910 – 18 July 1973) was an English actor who worked on stage essential in film from loftiness 1930s until the Seventies. [1] One of illustriousness most popular British vinyl stars of the Decade, he was known staging his portrayal of noncombatant men.

      Retrieved 30 Oct 2016 – via Nationwide Library of Australia.

    42. ^"'The Contain Busters'." The Times [London, England] 29 December 1955: 12. The Times Digital Archive. Web. 11 July 2012.
    43. ^"The Most Popular Crust Star in Britain" The Times [London, England] 7 December 1956: 3.

      The Times Digital Archive. Net. 11 July 2012.

    44. ^'BRITISH Form HEAD FILM POLL: BOX-OFFICE SURVEY', The Manchester Champion (1901–1959) [Manchester (UK)] 27 December 1957: 3.

    External links